Oral health is a powerful mirror of our body’s overall condition. Gums, teeth, mucous membranes, and lips not only carry out essential daily functions such as eating, speaking, and smiling, but they also serve as a natural barrier against external pathogens.
Keeping the oral cavity in balance, protecting the mucosa, and acting promptly when issues arise are all key to overall well-being. Among the most common conditions affecting the perioral area are cold sores, a recurring viral outbreak that, although usually harmless, requires attention to prevent discomfort and complications.
Cold sores (Herpes labialis), also known as “lip fever” or “fever blisters,” are caused primarily by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a member of the herpesvirus family.
This infection is extremely common worldwide. Transmission occurs mostly through saliva, kissing, direct contact with infected individuals, or indirectly through shared contaminated objects such as glasses, cutlery, lipsticks, razors, or towels.
The virus enters the body through the skin or mucous membranes, infects epithelial cells, and causes their destruction. This process leads to the formation of the hallmark blisters: painful, fluid-filled vesicles.
Typically, their appearance is preceded by sensations of itching, burning, or tingling in the affected area. After a few days, the lesions begin to dry out and form scabs. Cold sores usually resolve on their own within 7–10 days: the blisters rupture, dry up, and give way to crusts that eventually fall off naturally.
To prevent recurrences, it is important to avoid known triggers such as smoking, stress, lack of sleep, and prolonged sun exposure without adequate protection.
In more severe cases, antiviral therapy may be required, always under medical supervision.
In addition to topical antivirals and hydrocolloid patches, newer treatment options are now available, such as mucoadhesive buccal tablets. These invisible, easy-to-apply devices adhere directly to the oral mucosa, providing discreet and effective relief.
To reduce the risk of frequent flare-ups, maintaining a balanced lifestyle is essential. Supporting the immune system and minimizing exposure to risk factors not only helps manage herpes labialis but also contributes to overall health and well-being.